Robotics / work in progress

A robot arm, because simulated robots are … well, too perfect.

Home-built arm for running robot-learning experiments on something that is not a simulator. Printed structure, cycloidal reducers, servo drives, and all the wiring and calibration a simulated robot lets you ignore. Unfinished, and likely to stay that way a while.

Picks up from my MSc work - MuJoCo, OpenVR teleoperation, data capture, policy training - and asks the thing a simulator cannot: how much survives contact with a real, slightly wrong machine?

Close-up of a robot arm cycloidal joint assembly.
Printed parts, bearings and a cycloidal reducer, part-assembled
BUILD SPEC DRAFT
Structure
Joints and reduction
Motors and control
Bus and firmware
Makerbase closed-loop stepper drivers; CAN bus notes still being worked through.
Payload and reach
Build time

Where the simulation lied

To be written up.

What I would change

To be written up.

Mechanics

Printed structure

Structure and joints are printed, so a revision costs an evening instead of a machine shop. The trade is stiffness. Printed parts flex, and flex becomes position error at the end of a long arm.

Actuation

Joints and reduction

Printed cycloidal reducer at each joint rather than belts or a bought harmonic drive. High ratio, compact, printable at home. Costs you backlash, which I have not measured properly yet.

Electronics

Six joints, six separate arguments

Motor drive, position feedback, power and connectors, per joint, routed through a moving structure. Build the instrumentation carefully - without it a bad connector and a bad control loop look identical.

The controller side has already involved the kind of detail that makes hardware real: closed-loop stepper drives, CAN bus setup, baud-rate uncertainty, and deciding what to measure before assuming the motor is at fault.

Purpose

What it is for

Somewhere to run policies trained in MuJoCo and find out what the simulator got wrong. Reality gap, measured rather than discussed.

Build loop

Print, assemble, wire, test, rethink

Short clips: printing parts, laying out actuators, bench electronics, hand-testing a joint, assembling the structure.

Still in progress. Every step took longer than the plan said, which is the pattern for the whole build.

Printed mechanism parts

The MK4, quietly manufacturing the next batch of problems. Most revisions cost an evening.

Cycloidal reducer layout

Bearings, printed lobes and fasteners, laid out.

Servo electronics

Motor control on the bench. Cables, boards, meters, and checking what is actually moving.

Arm assembly

Where the separate assemblies become one machine, and the tolerances start stacking up.

Metalwork cameo

Later-stage metalwork, once it became clear that printed parts would not do everything.

Servo testing

Bench testing before trusting anything with leverage.

Cycloidal work

Reducer parts, fasteners and the usual small pile of decisions.

A-axis build

The arm getting another axis, and another chance to expose tolerances.

Arm on the bench

Still in progress. The useful sort of untidy.